The influence of alcohol consumption on Self-Rated Health and Mood during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

Introduction: There is evidence of a significant upturn of certain unhealthy lifestyle choices such as Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To analyze whether Alcohol Consumption has increased since the onset of pandemic and whether it affects the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health among adult Spanish population. Methodology: Study of two cross-sectional cohorts (1-initial period of confinement COVID-19 pandemic, 2-between fifth and sixth waves of pandemic) to examine Alcohol Consumption in the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health using a moderation analysis with PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: 5,949 people (62.1% women) participated in the study. Alcohol Consumption showed a significant increase, with men consuming more Alcohol than women in both periods (58.6% vs. 44.7% and 72.1% vs. 56.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). The moderation analysis revealed that sex and Alcohol Consumption conditioned the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health in the first survey, with a greater effect on women, who stated that not consuming Alcohol had a positive effect on the relationship between Mood and Self-Rated Health (B: -0.530; p < 0.001). Discussion: Currently it is about of implementing strategies to manage the pandemic-some of them aimed at promoting healthy living and stress management as assets that favor healthy lifestyles with fewer risk factors. New studies are needed to address the social thresholds of alcohol consumption, considering different perspectives for understanding variations in the intrapersonal and social perception of drunkenness, as this has been shown to be inconsistent across cultures and time periods.

El habla privada como una ventana para investigar la motivación en adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual leve / Private Speech as a window into motivation research in adolescents with mild intelectual disability

Resumen Este artículo se propone presentar parte de un estudio realizado en el marco de una tesis de maestría que estudia las orientaciones de la motivación hacia el aprendizaje en estudiantes bachilleres con discapacidad intelectual leve (DIL) que asisten a una escuela privada de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El trabajo intenta probar la utilidad de los estudios de habla privada (HP) para obtener información sobre las características motivacionales de los participantes. Para ello registra, describe y analiza el contenido que aparece en las emisiones de HP de los participantes durante la resolución de dos tareas con distinta demanda cognitiva. Durante las sesiones experimentales, se registraron las emisiones de HP que emitieron los participantes, las cuales se codificaron para determinar tipos de HP (HP irrelevante para la tarea, HP relevante para la tarea y HP con contenido motivacional). Las emisiones de HP con contenido motivacional se clasificaron en categorías y subcategorías (para las que se utiliza el sistema de clasificación de Montero y Huertas 1999). A partir de la clasificación de categorías y subcategorías se organizaron según la orientación motivacional que expresan, lo que permite describir patrones motivacionales. Los resultados revelaron que los estudios de HP son una herramienta potente para conocer las características motivacionales de adolescentes con DIL.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present part of a research study carried out within the framework of a master's thesis. The aim of the master's thesis is to study the motivational orientations of high school students with mild intellectual disability (MID) towards the learning process. The work intends to test the usefulness of 'private speech' (PS) to obtain information about the motivational characteristics of the participants. In order to achieve this, the content present in the PS emissions of the participants during the resolution of tasks with different load of cognitive demand was registered, described and analyzed. During the experimental sessions, the participants' PS emissions were registered and then coded to determine three different types of PS (irrelevant for the task, relevant for the task and PS with motivational content). Then, the PS emissions with motivational content were classified into categories and subcategories (using the classification system of Montero & Huertas, 1999). Following this classification, the information was organized according to the motivational orientation they expressed; as a conclusion, motivational patterns can be described. The results reveal that PS studies are a powerful tool to understand the motivational characteristics of adolescents with MID.

Differences in classroom motivational climate: causes, effects and implications for teacher education. A multilevel study / Diferencias en el clima motivacional en el aula: causas, efectos e implicaciones para la formación docente. Un estudio multinivel

Research on classroom motivational climate (CMC) has shown significant differences between classrooms in CMC. However, it is not known whether teachers' motivational knowledge, and goals and expectancies related to their students contribute to such differences, and consequently, on the effects of CMC on students. For answering this question, a multilevel model of the relationships among a) teachers' knowledge and motivational characteristics, b) students' goals and expectancies (SGE), c) perceived CMC, and d) students' attribution of perceived motivational improvement to teachers (APMIT) was tested using structural equation methods. A total of 2.223 Secondary and High-School students and their 95 teachers participated in the study. Results showed that teachers' motivational quality (TMQ) has a significant indirect effect on differences between classrooms in CMC, and on the students' attribution of perceived improvement in motivational variables to teachers, but also that teachers' characteristics differ in their contribution to TMQ, and so, to CMC

La investigación sobre el clima motivacional en el aula (CMC) ha mostrado diferencias significativas entre las aulas en CMC. Sin embargo, no se sabe si el conocimiento motivacional de los docentes y las metas y expectativas relacionadas con sus alumnos contribuyen a tales diferencias y, en consecuencia, a los efectos de la CMC en los alumnos. Para responder a esta pregunta, un modelo multinivel de las relaciones entre a) el conocimiento y las características motivacionales de los profesores, b) las metas y expectativas de los estudiantes (SGE), c) la percepción de CMC, y d) la atribución de los estudiantes de la mejora motivacional percibida a los maestros (APMIT) se probó utilizando métodos de ecuaciones estructurales. Un total de 2.223 estudiantes de secundaria y preparatoria y sus 95 profesores participaron en el estudio

Development and validation of the School Climate Questionnaire for Secondary and High School Teachers (SCQ-SHST) / Desarrollo y validación del Cuestionario de Clima Escolar para Profesores de Secundaria y Bachillerato (CES-PSB)

The present study focuses on the development and initial validation of a measure of school climate based on teachers' perceptions. The measure was developed to integrate those aspects of the school climate highlighted in the existing literature and that proved relevant for teachers' efficacy, including the school goal structure. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on a sample of 581 high school teachers. Results showed that a seven-correlated factor structure better represented the data, in comparison with a second-order model and a bifactor model. Structural equation modeling techniques provided evidence of the concurrent validity through correlations with a criterion measure of teacher job satisfaction. School goal structure proved to be an important aspect of school climate substantially related to other school climate factors such as school management quality and relationships among teachers. These findings provided some empirical support for the use of the questionnaire in schools, especially for those interested in articulating interventions aimed at improving the learning environment through the seven school climate dimensions addressed

El presente estudio se centra en el desarrollo y validación inicial de una medida del clima escolar basada en las percepciones de los profesores. La medida fue desarrollada para integrar aquellos aspectos del clima escolar destacados en la literatura existente, incluyendo la estructura de metas escolar. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios con una muestra de 581 profesores de secundaria y bachillerato. El uso de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales proporcionó evidencia sobre la validez concurrente a través de correlaciones con una medida criterio sobre la satisfacción laboral de los profesores. La estructura de metas escolar demostró ser un aspecto relevante para definir el clima escolar relacionándose sustancialmente con otros aspectos del mismo tales como la calidad del liderazgo o el apoyo entre profesores. Estos resultados proporcionaron evidencias empíricas a favor del uso del cuestionario propuesto entre las escuelas, especialmente en aquellas interesadas en particular intervenciones encaminadas a mejorar el entorno de aprendizaje a través de las siete dimensiones del clima escolar abordadas

Inventario para una evaluación global de las principales competencias lingüísticas de la lengua de signos española / Inventory for global assessment to main linguistic skills of spanish sign language

Existen numerosos instrumentos de evaluación de la adquisición de la lengua oral que se pueden adaptar con mayor o menor facilidad al alumnado con sordera. Sin embargo, existen pocas herramientas para valorar el grado de adquisición de la lengua de signos española (LSE). En este sentido, cada vez es mayor la necesidad de contar con instrumentos que nos permitan hacer este tipo de valoración. El objetivo de este trabajo era diseñar y validar un instrumento de evaluación comunicativa de las competencias en LSE que nos permitiera conocer el nivel de los alumnos sordos en diferentes aspectos lingüísticos, de cara a detectar posibles dificultades en la adquisición de esta lengua y dar cuenta del proceso de aprendizaje de la LSE del alumno. El inventario que hemos diseñado permite evaluar de manera discriminativa competencias lingüísticas básicas de la LSE. Sería, por lo tanto, útil tanto para las primeras edades de la etapa escolar como para los inicios de la adquisición de este lenguaje. Los resultados muestran que el inventario es sensible a las variables que tradicionalmente correlacionan con la mejora de los aspectos lingüísticos. En nuestro caso, las variables que están más relacionadas con el desarrollo de las competencias lingüísticas en LSE son el tipo de escolarización y el nivel académico (AU)

There are several tools for assessing oral language acquisition which can be adapted quite easily to deaf students, but there are few tools to assess the extent of acquisition of the Spanish sign language (LSE). In this regard, the need for more specific assessments about the extent of acquisition of the LSE is increasing. The aim of this paper was to design and validate an assessment tool of communicative skills in LSE that will allow us to know the level of competence of deaf students in different linguistic aspects, in order to identify potential difficulties in the acquisition of this language and to account the learning process of the LSE. The inventory serves to evaluate in a discriminative manner basic language skills of LSE. It would therefore be useful for the early ages of the school years or the beginning of the acquisition of this language. Our results show that the inventory is sensible to variables that have traditionally been correlated with the improvement of linguistic aspects. The variables that are more related to the development of language skills in LSE are the type of education and academic level (AU)